How To Remember Erikson Stages

Originally published in 1950,Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development outlined eight stages that Erikson Stages a healthy person passes through. Each stage is characterized by a crisis that either causes or destroys personality. The theory is based upon Freud’s psychosexual stages,and incorporates societal influences. Though it has been attacked because of its broad definitions,it is still an essential part of the psychological process. It has also been useful in reconceptualizing the way we see the middle and later adulthood as times of personal development,rather than a period to be survived.

The first stage of infancy and lasts for about 18 months. At this point when the baby is totally dependent on the caregiver. They gain trust through seeing the caregiver’s response to their needs,such as feeding or giving comfort. This stage is critical for the development of their self-esteem and feeling of security.

The stage of toddlerhood is Erikson’s second stage of psychosocial growth and runs from 18 months to 2 years. This is the time when the child’s independence develops. The outcome of success or failure during this period will have a an enormous influence on the development of their personality. If a child is not able to overcome the feelings of doubt or shame during this period,they’ll endure the struggle throughout their life. If a child is able to succeed in this phase,they can form intimate friendships later on in their lives.

The third phase of Erikson’s theory is called preschool that takes place between the ages of 3 and 5. In this age range children are beginning to interact with others and are developing a sense of self-confidence. Teachers and parents must foster positive relationships with children during this stage. Positive interactions promote the children’s independence and provide guidance and support. Negative behavior,such as criticism or indifference,can hurt a child’s confidence,as well as self-esteem.

The fourth step in Erikson’s theories is elementary school which is between the age of 6 and 12. It is during this time that children begin to feel pressure from other people including teachers and classmates. At this point,that children begin to gain a sense of business or the ability to achieve goals and accomplishments. Teachers who praise and encourage their students can help them develop a sense of competence as they don’t find it necessary to judge their performance against others.

As they reach middle age most people begin to consider their mortality. There is also an underlying regret over things they didn’t do or didn’t accomplish. Anyone who is able to overcome the issues of this phase is likely to have a happy and rich retirement. If they fail to resolve these issues they could experience the onset of a midlife crisis that can cause severe mental health issues.